Synonyms
Methyl cyanide; Cyanomethane; Ethanenitrile; Methanecarbonitrile; ACETONITRILE
Description
Acetonitrile is the simplest organic nitrile compound. It is a colorless, transparent liquid with a characteristic ether-like odor. As a polar aprotic solvent, it is relatively stable chemically and can be hydrolyzed under acidic or alkaline conditions. It exhibits extremely low absorbance in the low ultraviolet region (200–250 nm), with moderate volatility and strong dissolving capacity.
Physical&Chemical Properties
- Molecular Formula:C2H3N
- Density:0.8g/cm³
- Boiling Point:82℃
- Solubility:It is miscible with water, methanol, ethanol, acetone and most other organic solvents.
- Molecular Weight:41.0g/mol
- Flash Point:2℃
- Melting Point:-46℃
Uses
1. Analytical Chemistry:Preferred mobile phase solvent for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS).
2. Pharmaceutical & Chemical Industry:Reaction solvent and purification medium for drug synthesis (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones), and raw material for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates.
3. Electronic Industry:High-purity acetonitrile is used as a semiconductor cleaning agent and photoresist remover.
4. Industrial Production:Organic synthesis solvent for the manufacture of coatings, dyestuffs, rubber, plastics and synthetic fibers; purification of butadiene; extraction of fatty acids.
5. Others:Solvent for lithium battery electrolytes, raw material for the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine.
2. Pharmaceutical & Chemical Industry:Reaction solvent and purification medium for drug synthesis (antibiotics, vitamins, hormones), and raw material for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates.
3. Electronic Industry:High-purity acetonitrile is used as a semiconductor cleaning agent and photoresist remover.
4. Industrial Production:Organic synthesis solvent for the manufacture of coatings, dyestuffs, rubber, plastics and synthetic fibers; purification of butadiene; extraction of fatty acids.
5. Others:Solvent for lithium battery electrolytes, raw material for the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine.
Safety,Security&Risk
Physical Hazards
The vapor, when sufficiently mixed with air, readily forms an explosive mixture.
Chemical Hazards
When heated, burned, or in contact with hot surfaces, it decomposes, generating toxic fumes containing hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides.It reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents, posing a fire and explosion hazard.It reacts with acids and alkalis to produce toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide.It attacks certain types of plastics, rubber and coatings.
The vapor, when sufficiently mixed with air, readily forms an explosive mixture.
Chemical Hazards
When heated, burned, or in contact with hot surfaces, it decomposes, generating toxic fumes containing hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides.It reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents, posing a fire and explosion hazard.It reacts with acids and alkalis to produce toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide.It attacks certain types of plastics, rubber and coatings.
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